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[56] These three types of data are a categorisation which I have developed as part of my research. See Conservation Data in appendix.

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[67] For more information about this definition and its context, see the Fourth Order Design appendix. Quote from: Golsby-Smith, T. (1996). Fourth Order Design : A Practical Perspective. Design Issues, 12(1), 5–25.

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[72] Quote attributed to Bill O’Brien (CEO of Hanover Insurance) in Scharmer, C. O. (2016). Theory U: Leading from the Future as It Emerges. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

[73] Late in my project, I found the work of Birger Sevaldson on Giga-mapping and the work of Peter Jones on synthesis maps which look like promising approaches for systemic design documentation and synthesis. See more in the appendix section.

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[110] Open Data Challenges are commonly used citizen and industry engagement initiatives which use data from a system to identify and prototype new responses. They are widely seen as having the potential to unlock or create value for existing systems through a range of activities such as hackathons, service jams, world cafe, and other participatory processes. Examples include Climathon NZ, Delaware Open Data Challenge, and ODI & Nesta’s Open Data Challenge Series.

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